feat: first-class control-plane lease lifecycle (Closes #601)

Make active leases queryable workflow state with canonical adopt, release,
expire/reclaim, and abandon operations on the #613 control-plane DB substrate.

- lease_lifecycle.py: policy, proof gates, safe_next_action vocabulary
- control_plane_db: schema v3 provenance columns + list/inspect/adopt/abandon
- MCP tools: gitea_*_workflow_lease(s) for list/inspect/adopt/release/expire/abandon/reclaim
- issue_lock_store: sanctioned reclaim of expired author locks (dead pid / missing wt)
- Tests cover lifecycle, foreign steal refusal, allocator compatibility, merger handoff

control_plane_db.py

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ Implements the durable coordination store described by
   shared Postgres or single allocator daemon can replace the connection
   layer later without changing call sites.
 
-This module is the **substrate** for #600 (allocator policy/tool) and #612
+This module is the **substrate** for #600 (allocator policy/tool), #601
-(incident bridge). It does **not** implement ``gitea_allocate_next_work``
+(first-class lease lifecycle), and #612 (incident bridge). It does **not**
-routing policy or provider adapters.
+implement ``gitea_allocate_next_work`` routing policy or provider adapters.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from typing import Any, Iterator, Sequence
 
-SCHEMA_VERSION = 2
+SCHEMA_VERSION = 3
 
 # Assignable work kinds only — raw monitoring incidents are never work items.
 WORK_KINDS = frozenset({"issue", "pr"})
@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ class ControlPlaneDB:
             try:
                 conn.executescript(_SCHEMA_SQL)
                 self._migrate_incident_links_null_scope(conn)
+                self._migrate_lease_lifecycle_columns(conn)
                 conn.execute(
                     "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO schema_meta(key, value) VALUES (?, ?)",
                     ("schema_version", str(SCHEMA_VERSION)),
@@ -604,6 +605,8 @@ class ControlPlaneDB:
         lease_ttl_seconds: int = DEFAULT_LEASE_TTL_SECONDS,
         phase: str = "claimed",
         now: datetime | None = None,
+        worktree_path: str | None = None,
+        owner_pid: int | None = None,
     ) -> AssignmentResult:
         """Atomically create assignment + lease for one Gitea work item.
 
@@ -746,6 +749,32 @@ class ControlPlaneDB:
                 """,
                 (lease_id, work_item_id, session_id, role, phase, expires, now_s),
             )
+            # #601 optional lifecycle columns (present after schema v3 migration)
+            try:
+                lcols = {
+                    r[1]
+                    for r in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(leases)").fetchall()
+                }
+                if "worktree_path" in lcols and worktree_path:
+                    conn.execute(
+                        "UPDATE leases SET worktree_path = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                        (worktree_path, lease_id),
+                    )
+                if "owner_pid" in lcols:
+                    conn.execute(
+                        "UPDATE leases SET owner_pid = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                        (
+                            owner_pid if owner_pid is not None else os.getpid(),
+                            lease_id,
+                        ),
+                    )
+                if "expected_head_sha" in lcols and expected_head_sha:
+                    conn.execute(
+                        "UPDATE leases SET expected_head_sha = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                        (expected_head_sha, lease_id),
+                    )
+            except sqlite3.Error:
+                pass
             conn.execute(
                 """
                 INSERT INTO assignments(
@@ -876,32 +905,15 @@ class ControlPlaneDB:
             }
 
     def release_lease(self, lease_id: str, *, session_id: str) -> None:
-        with self._tx() as conn:
+        """Release a lease; unknown ids are no-ops for backward compatibility."""
+        with self._tx(immediate=False) as conn:
             row = conn.execute(
-                "SELECT * FROM leases WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                "SELECT lease_id FROM leases WHERE lease_id = ?",
                 (lease_id,),
             ).fetchone()
             if not row:
                 return
-            if row["session_id"] != session_id:
+        self.release_lease_recorded(lease_id, session_id=session_id)
-                raise ForeignLeaseError(
-                    f"cannot release lease {lease_id} owned by {row['session_id']}"
-                )
-            conn.execute(
-                "UPDATE leases SET status = 'released' WHERE lease_id = ?",
-                (lease_id,),
-            )
-            conn.execute(
-                "UPDATE assignments SET status = 'released' WHERE lease_id = ?",
-                (lease_id,),
-            )
-            conn.execute(
-                """
-                INSERT INTO events(work_item_id, event_type, message, created_at)
-                VALUES (?, 'lease_released', ?, ?)
-                """,
-                (row["work_item_id"], f"session {session_id} released {lease_id}", _ts()),
-            )
 
     def require_valid_assignment(
         self,
@@ -1177,3 +1189,564 @@ class ControlPlaneDB:
                 (provider, base_url, p_org, p_project, str(provider_issue_id)),
             ).fetchone()
             return dict(row) if row else None
+
+
+    # ── lease lifecycle (#601) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    _LEASE_LIFECYCLE_COLUMNS: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = (
+        ("worktree_path", "TEXT"),
+        ("owner_pid", "INTEGER"),
+        ("expected_head_sha", "TEXT"),
+        ("adopted_from_session_id", "TEXT"),
+        ("adopted_by_session_id", "TEXT"),
+        ("provenance_json", "TEXT"),
+        ("abandon_proof_json", "TEXT"),
+    )
+
+    def _migrate_lease_lifecycle_columns(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+        """Add provenance/worktree columns to leases for first-class lifecycle (#601)."""
+        cols = {
+            row[1]
+            for row in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(leases)").fetchall()
+        }
+        if not cols:
+            return
+        for name, decl in self._LEASE_LIFECYCLE_COLUMNS:
+            if name not in cols:
+                conn.execute(f"ALTER TABLE leases ADD COLUMN {name} {decl}")
+
+    def _lease_columns(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> set[str]:
+        return {
+            row[1]
+            for row in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(leases)").fetchall()
+        }
+
+    def list_leases(
+        self,
+        *,
+        remote: str | None = None,
+        org: str | None = None,
+        repo: str | None = None,
+        role: str | None = None,
+        statuses: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        limit: int = 100,
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """List leases joined with work_items as first-class workflow state."""
+        clauses: list[str] = []
+        params: list[Any] = []
+        if remote:
+            clauses.append("w.remote = ?")
+            params.append(remote)
+        if org:
+            clauses.append("w.org = ?")
+            params.append(org)
+        if repo:
+            clauses.append("w.repo = ?")
+            params.append(repo)
+        if role:
+            clauses.append("l.role = ?")
+            params.append(role)
+        if statuses:
+            placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in statuses)
+            clauses.append(f"l.status IN ({placeholders})")
+            params.extend(statuses)
+        where = ("WHERE " + " AND ".join(clauses)) if clauses else ""
+        sql = f"""
+            SELECT l.*, w.remote, w.org, w.repo, w.kind AS work_kind,
+                   w.number AS work_number, w.state AS work_state,
+                   w.current_head_sha AS work_head_sha,
+                   s.pid AS session_pid, s.profile AS session_profile,
+                   s.status AS session_status
+            FROM leases l
+            JOIN work_items w ON w.work_item_id = l.work_item_id
+            LEFT JOIN sessions s ON s.session_id = l.session_id
+            {where}
+            ORDER BY l.expires_at DESC
+            LIMIT ?
+        """
+        params.append(max(1, int(limit)))
+        with self._tx(immediate=False) as conn:
+            rows = conn.execute(sql, params).fetchall()
+            return [dict(r) for r in rows]
+
+    def get_lease_workflow_state(self, lease_id: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Return lease + assignment + work_item + session for one lease id."""
+        with self._tx(immediate=False) as conn:
+            lease = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM leases WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            ).fetchone()
+            if not lease:
+                return None
+            work = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM work_items WHERE work_item_id = ?",
+                (lease["work_item_id"],),
+            ).fetchone()
+            asn = conn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT * FROM assignments
+                WHERE lease_id = ?
+                ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 1
+                """,
+                (lease_id,),
+            ).fetchone()
+            sess = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM sessions WHERE session_id = ?",
+                (lease["session_id"],),
+            ).fetchone()
+            provenance = None
+            if "provenance_json" in lease.keys() and lease["provenance_json"]:
+                try:
+                    provenance = json.loads(lease["provenance_json"])
+                except (TypeError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+                    provenance = {"raw": lease["provenance_json"]}
+            return {
+                "lease": dict(lease),
+                "work_item": dict(work) if work else None,
+                "assignment": dict(asn) if asn else None,
+                "session": dict(sess) if sess else None,
+                "provenance": provenance,
+            }
+
+    def attach_lease_provenance(
+        self, lease_id: str, provenance: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        payload = json.dumps(provenance)
+        with self._tx() as conn:
+            cols = self._lease_columns(conn)
+            if "provenance_json" not in cols:
+                return
+            conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE leases SET provenance_json = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (payload, lease_id),
+            )
+            if provenance.get("adopted_from_session_id") and "adopted_from_session_id" in cols:
+                conn.execute(
+                    """
+                    UPDATE leases
+                    SET adopted_from_session_id = ?, adopted_by_session_id = ?
+                    WHERE lease_id = ?
+                    """,
+                    (
+                        provenance.get("adopted_from_session_id"),
+                        provenance.get("adopted_by_session_id"),
+                        lease_id,
+                    ),
+                )
+            if provenance.get("worktree_path") and "worktree_path" in cols:
+                conn.execute(
+                    "UPDATE leases SET worktree_path = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                    (provenance.get("worktree_path"), lease_id),
+                )
+            if provenance.get("expected_head_sha") and "expected_head_sha" in cols:
+                conn.execute(
+                    "UPDATE leases SET expected_head_sha = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                    (provenance.get("expected_head_sha"), lease_id),
+                )
+
+    def release_lease_recorded(
+        self, lease_id: str, *, session_id: str
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Explicit release with audit event + provenance proof (#601)."""
+        now_s = _ts()
+        with self._tx() as conn:
+            row = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM leases WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            ).fetchone()
+            if not row:
+                raise ControlPlaneError(f"unknown lease_id {lease_id}")
+            if row["session_id"] != session_id:
+                raise ForeignLeaseError(
+                    f"cannot release lease {lease_id} owned by {row['session_id']}"
+                )
+            if row["status"] not in ("active", "expired"):
+                # idempotent-ish for already released
+                if row["status"] == "released":
+                    return {
+                        "lease_id": lease_id,
+                        "status": "released",
+                        "session_id": session_id,
+                        "released_at": now_s,
+                        "idempotent": True,
+                    }
+            conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE leases SET status = 'released' WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            )
+            conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE assignments SET status = 'released' WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            )
+            proof = {
+                "lease_id": lease_id,
+                "status": "released",
+                "session_id": session_id,
+                "released_at": now_s,
+                "prior_status": row["status"],
+                "work_item_id": row["work_item_id"],
+            }
+            cols = self._lease_columns(conn)
+            if "provenance_json" in cols:
+                prior = {}
+                if row["provenance_json"]:
+                    try:
+                        prior = json.loads(row["provenance_json"])
+                    except (TypeError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+                        prior = {}
+                prior["last_release"] = proof
+                conn.execute(
+                    "UPDATE leases SET provenance_json = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                    (json.dumps(prior), lease_id),
+                )
+            conn.execute(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO events(work_item_id, event_type, message, created_at)
+                VALUES (?, 'lease_released', ?, ?)
+                """,
+                (
+                    row["work_item_id"],
+                    f"session {session_id} released {lease_id}",
+                    now_s,
+                ),
+            )
+            return proof
+
+    def force_expire_lease(self, lease_id: str, *, reason: str = "") -> None:
+        now_s = _ts()
+        with self._tx() as conn:
+            row = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM leases WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            ).fetchone()
+            if not row:
+                raise ControlPlaneError(f"unknown lease_id {lease_id}")
+            conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE leases SET status = 'expired' WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            )
+            conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE assignments SET status = 'expired' WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            )
+            conn.execute(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO events(work_item_id, event_type, message, created_at)
+                VALUES (?, 'lease_expired', ?, ?)
+                """,
+                (
+                    row["work_item_id"],
+                    f"lease {lease_id} force-expired: {reason or 'unspecified'}",
+                    now_s,
+                ),
+            )
+
+    def abandon_lease(
+        self,
+        *,
+        lease_id: str,
+        requester_session_id: str,
+        proof: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        now_s = _ts()
+        with self._tx() as conn:
+            row = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM leases WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            ).fetchone()
+            if not row:
+                raise ControlPlaneError(f"unknown lease_id {lease_id}")
+            conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE leases SET status = 'abandoned' WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            )
+            conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE assignments SET status = 'abandoned' WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            )
+            cols = self._lease_columns(conn)
+            if "abandon_proof_json" in cols:
+                conn.execute(
+                    "UPDATE leases SET abandon_proof_json = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                    (json.dumps(proof), lease_id),
+                )
+            msg = (
+                f"session {requester_session_id} abandoned lease {lease_id} "
+                f"(prior owner {row['session_id']})"
+            )
+            conn.execute(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO events(work_item_id, event_type, message, created_at)
+                VALUES (?, 'lease_abandoned', ?, ?)
+                """,
+                (row["work_item_id"], msg, now_s),
+            )
+            return {
+                "lease_id": lease_id,
+                "status": "abandoned",
+                "prior_owner_session_id": row["session_id"],
+                "requester_session_id": requester_session_id,
+                "abandoned_at": now_s,
+                "proof": proof,
+            }
+
+    def adopt_lease(
+        self,
+        *,
+        lease_id: str,
+        adopter_session_id: str,
+        role: str,
+        worktree_path: str | None = None,
+        expected_head_sha: str | None = None,
+        owner_pid: int | None = None,
+        provenance: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        lease_ttl_seconds: int = DEFAULT_LEASE_TTL_SECONDS,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Transfer or refresh a lease with provenance (#601).
+
+        * Same owner + active → refresh (owner-resume).
+        * Expired/abandoned/released → create new assignment+lease with provenance.
+        * Active foreign → raise ForeignLeaseError (never silent steal).
+        """
+        now = _utc_now()
+        now_s = _ts(now)
+        expires = _ts(now + timedelta(seconds=int(lease_ttl_seconds)))
+        provenance = provenance or {}
+
+        with self._tx(immediate=True) as conn:
+            lease = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM leases WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (lease_id,),
+            ).fetchone()
+            if not lease:
+                raise ControlPlaneError(f"unknown lease_id {lease_id}")
+            work = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM work_items WHERE work_item_id = ?",
+                (lease["work_item_id"],),
+            ).fetchone()
+            if not work:
+                raise ControlPlaneError("lease has no work_item")
+
+            # Expire by time if needed
+            exp = _parse_ts(lease["expires_at"])
+            status = lease["status"]
+            if status == "active" and exp and exp <= now:
+                conn.execute(
+                    "UPDATE leases SET status = 'expired' WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                    (lease_id,),
+                )
+                conn.execute(
+                    "UPDATE assignments SET status = 'expired' WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                    (lease_id,),
+                )
+                status = "expired"
+
+            owner = lease["session_id"]
+            if status == "active" and owner != adopter_session_id:
+                raise ForeignLeaseError(
+                    f"cannot adopt active foreign lease {lease_id} owned by {owner}"
+                )
+
+            # Ensure adopter session exists
+            sess = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT session_id FROM sessions WHERE session_id = ?",
+                (adopter_session_id,),
+            ).fetchone()
+            if not sess:
+                conn.execute(
+                    """
+                    INSERT INTO sessions(
+                        session_id, role, profile, namespace, pid,
+                        started_at, last_heartbeat_at, status
+                    ) VALUES (?, ?, NULL, NULL, ?, ?, ?, 'active')
+                    """,
+                    (adopter_session_id, role, owner_pid or os.getpid(), now_s, now_s),
+                )
+
+            cols = self._lease_columns(conn)
+
+            if status == "active" and owner == adopter_session_id:
+                # Owner-resume refresh
+                conn.execute(
+                    """
+                    UPDATE leases
+                    SET heartbeat_at = ?, expires_at = ?, phase = ?
+                    WHERE lease_id = ?
+                    """,
+                    (now_s, expires, "adopted", lease_id),
+                )
+                if "worktree_path" in cols and worktree_path:
+                    conn.execute(
+                        "UPDATE leases SET worktree_path = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                        (worktree_path, lease_id),
+                    )
+                if "owner_pid" in cols and owner_pid is not None:
+                    conn.execute(
+                        "UPDATE leases SET owner_pid = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                        (owner_pid, lease_id),
+                    )
+                if "provenance_json" in cols:
+                    prior = {}
+                    if lease["provenance_json"]:
+                        try:
+                            prior = json.loads(lease["provenance_json"])
+                        except (TypeError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+                            prior = {}
+                    prior["last_adopt"] = provenance
+                    conn.execute(
+                        "UPDATE leases SET provenance_json = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                        (json.dumps(prior), lease_id),
+                    )
+                asn = conn.execute(
+                    """
+                    SELECT * FROM assignments
+                    WHERE lease_id = ? AND status = 'active'
+                    ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 1
+                    """,
+                    (lease_id,),
+                ).fetchone()
+                lease2 = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT * FROM leases WHERE lease_id = ?", (lease_id,)
+                ).fetchone()
+                conn.execute(
+                    """
+                    INSERT INTO events(work_item_id, event_type, message, created_at)
+                    VALUES (?, 'lease_adopted', ?, ?)
+                    """,
+                    (
+                        lease["work_item_id"],
+                        f"owner-resume adopt lease {lease_id} by {adopter_session_id}",
+                        now_s,
+                    ),
+                )
+                return {
+                    "outcome": "adopted_owner_resume",
+                    "lease": dict(lease2) if lease2 else dict(lease),
+                    "assignment": dict(asn) if asn else None,
+                    "reasons": ["owner-resume: refreshed lease with provenance"],
+                }
+
+            # Non-active: create new lease + assignment (transfer)
+            new_lease_id = f"lease-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:16]}"
+            new_asn_id = f"asn-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:16]}"
+            # Mark prior non-active if still active somehow
+            if status == "active":
+                conn.execute(
+                    "UPDATE leases SET status = 'released' WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                    (lease_id,),
+                )
+                conn.execute(
+                    "UPDATE assignments SET status = 'released' WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                    (lease_id,),
+                )
+
+            # Prefer prior assignment allowed/forbidden
+            prior_asn = conn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT * FROM assignments WHERE lease_id = ?
+                ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 1
+                """,
+                (lease_id,),
+            ).fetchone()
+            allowed = (
+                prior_asn["allowed_actions"]
+                if prior_asn
+                else json.dumps(["implement", "comment", "push", "create_pr"])
+            )
+            forbidden = (
+                prior_asn["forbidden_actions"]
+                if prior_asn
+                else json.dumps(
+                    ["approve", "merge", "request_changes", "self_select_without_assignment"]
+                )
+            )
+            head = expected_head_sha or (
+                prior_asn["expected_head_sha"] if prior_asn else work["current_head_sha"]
+            )
+
+            # Dynamic insert for optional columns
+            base_cols = [
+                "lease_id",
+                "work_item_id",
+                "session_id",
+                "role",
+                "phase",
+                "expires_at",
+                "heartbeat_at",
+                "status",
+            ]
+            base_vals: list[Any] = [
+                new_lease_id,
+                lease["work_item_id"],
+                adopter_session_id,
+                role,
+                "adopted",
+                expires,
+                now_s,
+                "active",
+            ]
+            optional = {
+                "worktree_path": worktree_path,
+                "owner_pid": owner_pid,
+                "expected_head_sha": head,
+                "adopted_from_session_id": owner,
+                "adopted_by_session_id": adopter_session_id,
+                "provenance_json": json.dumps(provenance),
+            }
+            for col, val in optional.items():
+                if col in cols and val is not None:
+                    base_cols.append(col)
+                    base_vals.append(val)
+            placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in base_cols)
+            conn.execute(
+                f"INSERT INTO leases({', '.join(base_cols)}) VALUES ({placeholders})",
+                base_vals,
+            )
+            conn.execute(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO assignments(
+                    assignment_id, work_item_id, session_id, lease_id,
+                    allowed_actions, forbidden_actions, expected_head_sha,
+                    role, status, created_at
+                ) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 'active', ?)
+                """,
+                (
+                    new_asn_id,
+                    lease["work_item_id"],
+                    adopter_session_id,
+                    new_lease_id,
+                    allowed if isinstance(allowed, str) else json.dumps(list(allowed)),
+                    forbidden if isinstance(forbidden, str) else json.dumps(list(forbidden)),
+                    head,
+                    role,
+                    now_s,
+                ),
+            )
+            conn.execute(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO events(work_item_id, event_type, message, created_at)
+                VALUES (?, 'lease_adopted', ?, ?)
+                """,
+                (
+                    lease["work_item_id"],
+                    f"session {adopter_session_id} adopted from {owner} "
+                    f"prior={lease_id} new={new_lease_id}",
+                    now_s,
+                ),
+            )
+            lease2 = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM leases WHERE lease_id = ?", (new_lease_id,)
+            ).fetchone()
+            asn2 = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM assignments WHERE assignment_id = ?",
+                (new_asn_id,),
+            ).fetchone()
+            return {
+                "outcome": "adopted_transfer",
+                "lease": dict(lease2) if lease2 else None,
+                "assignment": dict(asn2) if asn2 else None,
+                "reasons": [
+                    f"transferred lease ownership from {owner} to {adopter_session_id}"
+                ],
+            }
+

docs/architecture/control-plane-db-substrate.md

@@ -51,6 +51,35 @@ Module: `allocator_service.py` · MCP tool: `gitea_allocate_next_work`
 - Routing follows ADR §5.3 (REQUEST_CHANGES → author, terminal path first, foreign lease → wait).
 - Raw monitoring incidents are never candidates.
 
+
+## Lease lifecycle API (#601)
+
+Module: `lease_lifecycle.py` · MCP tools: `gitea_*_workflow_lease(s)`
+
+Active control-plane leases are **first-class workflow state**:
+
+| Tool | Purpose |
+|------|---------|
+| `gitea_list_workflow_leases` | List active (or all) leases for a repo |
+| `gitea_inspect_workflow_lease` | Freshness + `safe_next_action` for one lease id |
+| `gitea_adopt_workflow_lease` | Owner-resume or sanctioned reclaim with provenance |
+| `gitea_release_workflow_lease` | Explicit owner release (audited) |
+| `gitea_expire_workflow_leases` | Deterministic expire of past-`expires_at` leases |
+| `gitea_abandon_workflow_lease` | Abandon with required proof |
+| `gitea_reclaim_expired_workflow_lease` | Expire + re-assign with provenance |
+
+### Hard rules
+
+1. Control-plane DB is the coordination authority — file locks / comment-only leases are not authoritative alone.
+2. Active foreign leases cannot be stolen; inspect returns `wait_foreign_active`.
+3. Abandon requires `(dead_process OR missing_worktree)` and `no_live_mutation_risk`; foreign abandon also needs `operator_authorized` or full dead+missing+no_open_pr proof.
+4. Adopt provenance always records `adopted_from_session_id`, `adopted_by_session_id`, work identity, optional head SHA, and worktree path.
+5. Reviewer→merger comment handoff (`gitea_adopt_merger_pr_lease`) is unchanged and remains the Gitea-thread durability path.
+
+```bash
+python3 -m pytest tests/test_lease_lifecycle.py tests/test_control_plane_db.py tests/test_allocator_service.py tests/test_merger_lease_adoption.py -q
+```
+
 ## Incident bridge (#612)
 
 Module: `incident_bridge.py` · MCP tools: `gitea_observability_*`

gitea_mcp_server.py

@@ -837,6 +837,7 @@ import mcp_session_state  # noqa: E402
 import stale_review_decision_lock  # noqa: E402
 import allocator_service  # noqa: E402
 import control_plane_db  # noqa: E402
+import lease_lifecycle  # noqa: E402
 import incident_bridge  # noqa: E402
 import agent_temp_artifacts
 import issue_lock_worktree  # noqa: E402
@@ -11622,6 +11623,315 @@ def gitea_allocate_next_work(
     return result
 
 
+
+
+# ── Control-plane lease lifecycle (#601) ──────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+def gitea_list_workflow_leases(
+    remote: str = "dadeschools",
+    host: str | None = None,
+    org: str | None = None,
+    repo: str | None = None,
+    role: str | None = None,
+    include_non_active: bool = False,
+    limit: int = 100,
+) -> dict:
+    """List control-plane leases as first-class workflow state (#601).
+
+    Read-only. Returns active (default) or all leases from the #613 DB substrate.
+    File locks and comment-only leases are not listed as authoritative here.
+    """
+    read_block = _profile_operation_gate("gitea.read")
+    if read_block:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "reasons": read_block,
+            "leases": [],
+            "permission_report": _permission_block_report("gitea.read"),
+        }
+    try:
+        h, o, r = _resolve(remote, host, org, repo)
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        return {"success": False, "reasons": [str(exc)], "leases": []}
+    db, errs = _control_plane_db_or_error()
+    if db is None:
+        return {"success": False, "reasons": errs, "leases": []}
+    result = lease_lifecycle.list_active_leases(
+        db,
+        remote=remote if remote in REMOTES else remote,
+        org=o,
+        repo=r,
+        role=role,
+        include_non_active=bool(include_non_active),
+        limit=int(limit),
+    )
+    result["remote"] = remote
+    result["org"] = o
+    result["repo"] = r
+    return result
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+def gitea_inspect_workflow_lease(
+    lease_id: str,
+    session_id: str | None = None,
+    worktree_path: str | None = None,
+    remote: str = "dadeschools",
+    host: str | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Inspect one control-plane lease with safe_next_action (#601).
+
+    Distinguishes owner-resume, wait-foreign, reclaim-expired, abandon-allowed,
+    and stale prompt ids. Control-plane DB is authoritative.
+    """
+    read_block = _profile_operation_gate("gitea.read")
+    if read_block:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "reasons": read_block,
+            "permission_report": _permission_block_report("gitea.read"),
+        }
+    db, errs = _control_plane_db_or_error()
+    if db is None:
+        return {"success": False, "reasons": errs}
+    profile = get_profile()
+    profile_name = (profile.get("profile_name") or "").strip() or "session"
+    sid = (session_id or "").strip() or f"{profile_name}-{os.getpid()}"
+    return lease_lifecycle.inspect_lease(
+        db,
+        lease_id,
+        caller_session_id=sid,
+        caller_worktree=worktree_path,
+    )
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+def gitea_adopt_workflow_lease(
+    lease_id: str,
+    session_id: str | None = None,
+    role: str | None = None,
+    worktree_path: str | None = None,
+    expected_head_sha: str | None = None,
+    operator_authorized: bool = False,
+    remote: str = "dadeschools",
+    host: str | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Adopt a control-plane lease through the sanctioned path (#601).
+
+    Same-owner resume refreshes provenance. Foreign active leases are refused.
+    Expired leases may be reclaimed; provenance records adopted_from/by.
+    """
+    read_block = _profile_operation_gate("gitea.read")
+    if read_block:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "reasons": read_block,
+            "permission_report": _permission_block_report("gitea.read"),
+        }
+    db, errs = _control_plane_db_or_error()
+    if db is None:
+        return {"success": False, "reasons": errs}
+    profile = get_profile()
+    profile_name = (profile.get("profile_name") or "").strip() or "session"
+    active_role = _profile_role_kind(profile) or "author"
+    sid = (session_id or "").strip() or (
+        f"{profile_name}-{os.getpid()}-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+    )
+    try:
+        return lease_lifecycle.adopt_lease(
+            db,
+            lease_id=lease_id,
+            adopter_session_id=sid,
+            role=(role or active_role).strip() or "author",
+            worktree_path=worktree_path,
+            expected_head_sha=expected_head_sha,
+            owner_pid=os.getpid(),
+            operator_authorized=bool(operator_authorized),
+        )
+    except (lease_lifecycle.LeaseLifecycleError, control_plane_db.ControlPlaneError) as exc:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "outcome": "blocked",
+            "reasons": [_redact(str(exc))],
+            "lease_id": lease_id,
+            "authoritative_source": "control_plane_db",
+            "file_lock_only": False,
+            "comment_lease_only": False,
+        }
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+def gitea_release_workflow_lease(
+    lease_id: str,
+    session_id: str,
+    remote: str = "dadeschools",
+    host: str | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Explicitly release a control-plane lease owned by *session_id* (#601).
+
+    Recorded in the DB event log with release provenance. Foreign release fails closed.
+    """
+    read_block = _profile_operation_gate("gitea.read")
+    if read_block:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "reasons": read_block,
+            "permission_report": _permission_block_report("gitea.read"),
+        }
+    db, errs = _control_plane_db_or_error()
+    if db is None:
+        return {"success": False, "reasons": errs}
+    try:
+        return lease_lifecycle.release_lease(
+            db, lease_id=lease_id, session_id=session_id
+        )
+    except (lease_lifecycle.LeaseLifecycleError, control_plane_db.ControlPlaneError) as exc:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "outcome": "blocked",
+            "reasons": [_redact(str(exc))],
+            "lease_id": lease_id,
+            "authoritative_source": "control_plane_db",
+        }
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+def gitea_expire_workflow_leases(
+    remote: str = "dadeschools",
+    host: str | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Expire stale control-plane leases whose expires_at has passed (#601).
+
+    Deterministic reclaim prerequisite. Does not steal active non-expired leases.
+    """
+    read_block = _profile_operation_gate("gitea.read")
+    if read_block:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "reasons": read_block,
+            "permission_report": _permission_block_report("gitea.read"),
+        }
+    db, errs = _control_plane_db_or_error()
+    if db is None:
+        return {"success": False, "reasons": errs}
+    return lease_lifecycle.expire_leases(db)
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+def gitea_abandon_workflow_lease(
+    lease_id: str,
+    session_id: str | None = None,
+    dead_process: bool = False,
+    missing_worktree: bool = False,
+    no_open_pr: bool = False,
+    no_live_mutation_risk: bool = False,
+    operator_authorized: bool = False,
+    worktree_path: str | None = None,
+    owner_pid: int | None = None,
+    notes: str = "",
+    remote: str = "dadeschools",
+    host: str | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Abandon a control-plane lease with required proof (#601).
+
+    Requires (dead_process or missing_worktree) and no_live_mutation_risk.
+    Foreign abandon also needs operator_authorized or
+    (dead_process and missing_worktree and no_open_pr).
+    """
+    read_block = _profile_operation_gate("gitea.read")
+    if read_block:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "reasons": read_block,
+            "permission_report": _permission_block_report("gitea.read"),
+        }
+    db, errs = _control_plane_db_or_error()
+    if db is None:
+        return {"success": False, "reasons": errs}
+    profile = get_profile()
+    profile_name = (profile.get("profile_name") or "").strip() or "session"
+    sid = (session_id or "").strip() or f"{profile_name}-{os.getpid()}"
+    proof = lease_lifecycle.AbandonProof(
+        dead_process=bool(dead_process),
+        missing_worktree=bool(missing_worktree),
+        no_open_pr=bool(no_open_pr),
+        no_live_mutation_risk=bool(no_live_mutation_risk),
+        operator_authorized=bool(operator_authorized),
+        worktree_path=worktree_path,
+        owner_pid=owner_pid,
+        notes=notes or "",
+    )
+    try:
+        return lease_lifecycle.abandon_lease(
+            db,
+            lease_id=lease_id,
+            requester_session_id=sid,
+            proof=proof,
+        )
+    except (lease_lifecycle.LeaseLifecycleError, control_plane_db.ControlPlaneError) as exc:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "outcome": "blocked",
+            "reasons": [_redact(str(exc))],
+            "lease_id": lease_id,
+            "authoritative_source": "control_plane_db",
+            "file_lock_only": False,
+            "comment_lease_only": False,
+        }
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+def gitea_reclaim_expired_workflow_lease(
+    lease_id: str,
+    session_id: str | None = None,
+    role: str | None = None,
+    worktree_path: str | None = None,
+    expected_head_sha: str | None = None,
+    remote: str = "dadeschools",
+    host: str | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Reclaim an expired control-plane lease for a new/owner session (#601).
+
+    Deterministic: expire markers applied, then atomic assign+lease with provenance.
+    Active foreign leases are refused.
+    """
+    read_block = _profile_operation_gate("gitea.read")
+    if read_block:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "reasons": read_block,
+            "permission_report": _permission_block_report("gitea.read"),
+        }
+    db, errs = _control_plane_db_or_error()
+    if db is None:
+        return {"success": False, "reasons": errs}
+    profile = get_profile()
+    profile_name = (profile.get("profile_name") or "").strip() or "session"
+    active_role = _profile_role_kind(profile) or "author"
+    sid = (session_id or "").strip() or (
+        f"{profile_name}-{os.getpid()}-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+    )
+    try:
+        return lease_lifecycle.reclaim_expired_lease(
+            db,
+            lease_id=lease_id,
+            session_id=sid,
+            role=(role or active_role).strip() or "author",
+            worktree_path=worktree_path,
+            expected_head_sha=expected_head_sha,
+        )
+    except (lease_lifecycle.LeaseLifecycleError, control_plane_db.ControlPlaneError) as exc:
+        return {
+            "success": False,
+            "outcome": "blocked",
+            "reasons": [_redact(str(exc))],
+            "lease_id": lease_id,
+            "authoritative_source": "control_plane_db",
+        }
+
+
 # ── Entry point ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

issue_lock_store.py

@@ -375,6 +375,64 @@ def _same_realpath(left: str | None, right: str | None) -> bool:
         return left == right
 
 
+
+def assess_expired_lock_reclaim(
+    existing_lock: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    *,
+    now: datetime | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Decide whether an expired/stale author issue lock may be reclaimed (#601).
+
+    Required proof (any reclaim of non-live lock):
+    * lease not live (expired or dead pid)
+    * owner process dead OR worktree missing
+    * no force-delete of live foreign ownership
+    """
+    if not existing_lock:
+        return {
+            "reclaim_allowed": True,
+            "reasons": ["no existing lock"],
+            "freshness": assess_lock_freshness(None, now=now),
+        }
+    freshness = assess_lock_freshness(existing_lock, now=now)
+    if freshness.get("live"):
+        return {
+            "reclaim_allowed": False,
+            "reasons": ["lock is still live; cannot reclaim (fail closed)"],
+            "freshness": freshness,
+        }
+    pid = existing_lock.get("session_pid")
+    if pid is None:
+        pid = existing_lock.get("pid")
+    dead = not is_process_alive(pid) if pid is not None else True
+    wt = str(existing_lock.get("worktree_path") or "")
+    missing_wt = (not wt) or (not os.path.isdir(os.path.realpath(wt)))
+    if not (dead or missing_wt):
+        return {
+            "reclaim_allowed": False,
+            "reasons": [
+                "expired/stale lock still has live owner pid and present worktree; "
+                "recovery review required (fail closed)"
+            ],
+            "freshness": freshness,
+            "owner_pid_dead": dead,
+            "worktree_missing": missing_wt,
+        }
+    return {
+        "reclaim_allowed": True,
+        "reasons": [
+            "non-live lock with dead process and/or missing worktree; "
+            "sanctioned reclaim allowed"
+        ],
+        "freshness": freshness,
+        "owner_pid_dead": dead,
+        "worktree_missing": missing_wt,
+        "prior_branch": existing_lock.get("branch_name"),
+        "prior_worktree": existing_lock.get("worktree_path"),
+        "prior_pid": pid,
+    }
+
+
 def assess_same_issue_lease_conflict(
     existing_lock: dict[str, Any] | None,
     *,
@@ -405,6 +463,11 @@ def assess_same_issue_lease_conflict(
         and _same_realpath(str(existing_worktree or ""), worktree_path)
     )
     if is_lease_expired(existing_lock, now=now):
+        reclaim = assess_expired_lock_reclaim(existing_lock, now=now)
+        if reclaim.get("reclaim_allowed"):
+            # #601: expired + dead pid / missing worktree may be reclaimed
+            # through the normal lock path (sanctioned overwrite).
+            return None
         return (
             f"Issue #{issue_number} has an expired {operation_type} lease on "
             f"branch '{existing_branch}' from worktree '{existing_worktree}'. "

lease_lifecycle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+"""First-class control-plane lease lifecycle (#601).
+
+Active leases are queryable workflow state. Canonical operations:
+
+* list / inspect
+* adopt (with provenance)
+* release (explicit, recorded)
+* expire / reclaim
+* abandon (requires proof: dead process and/or missing worktree, etc.)
+
+Authority model:
+
+* Control-plane DB is the coordination source for assignment/lease.
+* File locks and comment-only leases are **not** authoritative alone.
+* Reviewer/merger comment leases (``reviewer_pr_lease`` / merger adoption)
+  remain for Gitea-thread durability; they must not bypass DB assignment when
+  the control-plane path is in use.
+
+Fail closed on ambiguous ownership, active foreign leases, mismatched
+worktree, stale head, missing capability, and unsafe cleanup.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import Any, Callable, Mapping
+
+import control_plane_db as cpd
+
+# Outcomes / safe next actions (stable vocabulary for tools + tests).
+SAFE_OWNER_RESUME = "owner_resume"
+SAFE_WAIT_FOREIGN = "wait_foreign_active"
+SAFE_RECLAIM_EXPIRED = "reclaim_expired"
+SAFE_ABANDON_ALLOWED = "abandon_allowed"
+SAFE_RELEASE_OWNED = "release_owned"
+SAFE_STALE_PROMPT = "stale_prompt_lease"
+SAFE_UNKNOWN = "inspect_only"
+SAFE_NO_AUTHORITY = "file_or_comment_not_authoritative"
+
+LEASE_STATUS_ACTIVE = "active"
+LEASE_STATUS_RELEASED = "released"
+LEASE_STATUS_EXPIRED = "expired"
+LEASE_STATUS_ABANDONED = "abandoned"
+
+AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE = "control_plane_db"
+
+
+class LeaseLifecycleError(RuntimeError):
+    """Fail-closed lifecycle policy error."""
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class AbandonProof:
+    """Required evidence to abandon a non-owned or expired lease safely."""
+
+    dead_process: bool = False
+    missing_worktree: bool = False
+    same_owner: bool = False
+    no_open_pr: bool = False
+    no_live_mutation_risk: bool = False
+    operator_authorized: bool = False
+    worktree_path: str | None = None
+    owner_pid: int | None = None
+    notes: str = ""
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {
+            "dead_process": self.dead_process,
+            "missing_worktree": self.missing_worktree,
+            "same_owner": self.same_owner,
+            "no_open_pr": self.no_open_pr,
+            "no_live_mutation_risk": self.no_live_mutation_risk,
+            "operator_authorized": self.operator_authorized,
+            "worktree_path": self.worktree_path,
+            "owner_pid": self.owner_pid,
+            "notes": self.notes,
+        }
+
+    def is_sufficient(self) -> bool:
+        """Abandon requires process death or missing worktree + no mutation risk.
+
+        Foreign active leases additionally need operator_authorized unless the
+        owner process is dead and the worktree is missing.
+        """
+        if not self.no_live_mutation_risk:
+            return False
+        if not (self.dead_process or self.missing_worktree):
+            return False
+        if self.same_owner:
+            return True
+        # Foreign abandon: operator flag OR (dead + missing worktree + no risk)
+        if self.operator_authorized:
+            return True
+        return bool(self.dead_process and self.missing_worktree and self.no_open_pr)
+
+
+def is_process_alive(pid: int | None) -> bool:
+    if pid is None:
+        return False
+    try:
+        pid_i = int(pid)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+    if pid_i <= 0:
+        return False
+    try:
+        os.kill(pid_i, 0)
+        return True
+    except ProcessLookupError:
+        return False
+    except PermissionError:
+        # Exists but not owned by us — treat as alive (fail closed).
+        return True
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+
+def worktree_exists(path: str | None) -> bool:
+    if not path:
+        return False
+    try:
+        return os.path.isdir(os.path.realpath(path))
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+
+def _utc_now() -> datetime:
+    return datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+
+
+def _parse_ts(value: str | None) -> datetime | None:
+    return cpd._parse_ts(value)
+
+
+def classify_lease_freshness(
+    lease: Mapping[str, Any],
+    *,
+    now: datetime | None = None,
+    pid_checker: Callable[[int | None], bool] = is_process_alive,
+    worktree_checker: Callable[[str | None], bool] = worktree_exists,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Classify a control-plane lease row for workflow tooling."""
+    moment = now or _utc_now()
+    status = (lease.get("status") or "").strip().lower()
+    expires = _parse_ts(lease.get("expires_at"))
+    owner_pid = lease.get("owner_pid")
+    if owner_pid is None:
+        owner_pid = lease.get("session_pid")
+    wt = lease.get("worktree_path")
+    pid_alive = pid_checker(owner_pid) if owner_pid is not None else None
+    wt_present = worktree_checker(wt) if wt else None
+    expired_by_time = bool(expires and expires <= moment)
+
+    if status == LEASE_STATUS_ABANDONED:
+        freshness = "abandoned"
+    elif status == LEASE_STATUS_RELEASED:
+        freshness = "released"
+    elif status == LEASE_STATUS_EXPIRED or expired_by_time:
+        freshness = "expired"
+    elif status != LEASE_STATUS_ACTIVE:
+        freshness = status or "unknown"
+    elif pid_alive is False:
+        freshness = "stale_dead_process"
+    elif wt is not None and wt_present is False:
+        freshness = "stale_missing_worktree"
+    else:
+        freshness = "active"
+
+    return {
+        "freshness": freshness,
+        "status": status,
+        "expired_by_time": expired_by_time,
+        "owner_pid": owner_pid,
+        "owner_pid_alive": pid_alive,
+        "worktree_path": wt,
+        "worktree_present": wt_present,
+        "expires_at": lease.get("expires_at"),
+        "authoritative_source": AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+        "file_lock_only": False,
+        "comment_lease_only": False,
+    }
+
+
+def decide_safe_next_action(
+    *,
+    lease: Mapping[str, Any] | None,
+    caller_session_id: str,
+    freshness: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+    caller_worktree: str | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Return safe_next_action + reasons for a caller inspecting a lease."""
+    if not lease:
+        return {
+            "safe_next_action": SAFE_STALE_PROMPT,
+            "reasons": ["lease not found in control-plane DB (stale prompt id?)"],
+            "block": True,
+        }
+    fr = freshness or classify_lease_freshness(lease)
+    owner = str(lease.get("session_id") or "")
+    same_owner = owner == str(caller_session_id)
+    status = fr.get("freshness")
+    reasons: list[str] = []
+
+    # Worktree mismatch for owner resume
+    lease_wt = lease.get("worktree_path")
+    if (
+        same_owner
+        and lease_wt
+        and caller_worktree
+        and os.path.realpath(str(lease_wt)) != os.path.realpath(str(caller_worktree))
+    ):
+        return {
+            "safe_next_action": SAFE_UNKNOWN,
+            "reasons": [
+                f"worktree mismatch: lease has {lease_wt!r}, caller has "
+                f"{caller_worktree!r} (fail closed)"
+            ],
+            "block": True,
+            "same_owner": True,
+        }
+
+    if status in ("abandoned", "released"):
+        return {
+            "safe_next_action": SAFE_STALE_PROMPT,
+            "reasons": [f"lease status is {status}; do not adopt blindly"],
+            "block": True,
+            "same_owner": same_owner,
+        }
+
+    if status == "expired" or fr.get("expired_by_time"):
+        return {
+            "safe_next_action": SAFE_RECLAIM_EXPIRED,
+            "reasons": ["lease expired; reclaim via expire+assign or adopt reclaim path"],
+            "block": False,
+            "same_owner": same_owner,
+        }
+
+    if status in ("stale_dead_process", "stale_missing_worktree"):
+        if same_owner:
+            return {
+                "safe_next_action": SAFE_OWNER_RESUME,
+                "reasons": [
+                    f"caller owns lease with freshness={status}; rebind via "
+                    "adopt/owner-resume or abandon with proof"
+                ],
+                "block": False,
+                "same_owner": True,
+                "also_allowed": [SAFE_ABANDON_ALLOWED, SAFE_RELEASE_OWNED],
+            }
+        return {
+            "safe_next_action": SAFE_ABANDON_ALLOWED,
+            "reasons": [
+                f"lease freshness={status}; abandon with required proof then reassign"
+            ],
+            "block": False,
+            "same_owner": False,
+        }
+
+    if same_owner and status == "active":
+        return {
+            "safe_next_action": SAFE_OWNER_RESUME,
+            "reasons": [
+                "caller owns active lease; resume via heartbeat/assign owner-resume "
+                "or release explicitly"
+            ],
+            "block": False,
+            "same_owner": True,
+            "also_allowed": [SAFE_RELEASE_OWNED],
+        }
+
+    if not same_owner and status == "active":
+        return {
+            "safe_next_action": SAFE_WAIT_FOREIGN,
+            "reasons": [
+                f"foreign active lease held by session {owner}; "
+                "do not steal (fail closed)"
+            ],
+            "block": True,
+            "same_owner": False,
+            "owner_session_id": owner,
+        }
+
+    return {
+        "safe_next_action": SAFE_UNKNOWN,
+        "reasons": [f"unclassified freshness={status}"],
+        "block": True,
+        "same_owner": same_owner,
+    }
+
+
+def non_db_lease_authority_report(
+    *,
+    file_lock_present: bool = False,
+    comment_lease_present: bool = False,
+    db_lease_present: bool = False,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """File/comment leases alone are not coordination authority (#601 / #600)."""
+    authoritative = bool(db_lease_present)
+    reasons: list[str] = []
+    if file_lock_present and not db_lease_present:
+        reasons.append(
+            "file lock present but control-plane DB lease absent — "
+            "file lock is not authoritative alone"
+        )
+    if comment_lease_present and not db_lease_present:
+        reasons.append(
+            "comment-only lease present but control-plane DB lease absent — "
+            "comment lease is not authoritative alone"
+        )
+    if authoritative:
+        reasons.append("control-plane DB lease is the coordination authority")
+    return {
+        "authoritative_source": AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE if authoritative else None,
+        "db_lease_present": db_lease_present,
+        "file_lock_present": file_lock_present,
+        "comment_lease_present": comment_lease_present,
+        "safe_next_action": (
+            SAFE_UNKNOWN if authoritative else SAFE_NO_AUTHORITY
+        ),
+        "reasons": reasons,
+        "file_lock_only": bool(file_lock_present and not db_lease_present),
+        "comment_lease_only": bool(comment_lease_present and not db_lease_present),
+    }
+
+
+def build_adopt_provenance(
+    *,
+    adopted_from_session_id: str,
+    adopted_by_session_id: str,
+    work_kind: str,
+    work_number: int,
+    remote: str,
+    org: str,
+    repo: str,
+    worktree_path: str | None,
+    expected_head_sha: str | None,
+    prior_lease_id: str | None,
+    reason: str,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return {
+        "adopted_from_session_id": adopted_from_session_id,
+        "adopted_by_session_id": adopted_by_session_id,
+        "work_kind": work_kind,
+        "work_number": int(work_number),
+        "remote": remote,
+        "org": org,
+        "repo": repo,
+        "worktree_path": worktree_path,
+        "expected_head_sha": expected_head_sha,
+        "prior_lease_id": prior_lease_id,
+        "reason": reason,
+        "recorded_at": cpd._ts(),
+        "source": "lease_lifecycle.adopt",
+    }
+
+
+def inspect_lease(
+    db: cpd.ControlPlaneDB,
+    lease_id: str,
+    *,
+    caller_session_id: str,
+    caller_worktree: str | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Full first-class lease workflow state for one lease id."""
+    state = db.get_lease_workflow_state(lease_id)
+    if not state:
+        decision = decide_safe_next_action(
+            lease=None, caller_session_id=caller_session_id
+        )
+        return {
+            "success": True,
+            "found": False,
+            "lease_id": lease_id,
+            "lease": None,
+            "freshness": None,
+            **decision,
+            "authoritative_source": AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+            "file_lock_only": False,
+            "comment_lease_only": False,
+        }
+    lease = state["lease"]
+    freshness = classify_lease_freshness(lease)
+    decision = decide_safe_next_action(
+        lease=lease,
+        caller_session_id=caller_session_id,
+        freshness=freshness,
+        caller_worktree=caller_worktree,
+    )
+    return {
+        "success": True,
+        "found": True,
+        "lease_id": lease_id,
+        "lease": lease,
+        "assignment": state.get("assignment"),
+        "work_item": state.get("work_item"),
+        "session": state.get("session"),
+        "freshness": freshness,
+        "provenance": state.get("provenance"),
+        **decision,
+        "authoritative_source": AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+        "file_lock_only": False,
+        "comment_lease_only": False,
+    }
+
+
+def list_active_leases(
+    db: cpd.ControlPlaneDB,
+    *,
+    remote: str | None = None,
+    org: str | None = None,
+    repo: str | None = None,
+    role: str | None = None,
+    include_non_active: bool = False,
+    limit: int = 100,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    statuses = None if include_non_active else (LEASE_STATUS_ACTIVE,)
+    rows = db.list_leases(
+        remote=remote,
+        org=org,
+        repo=repo,
+        role=role,
+        statuses=statuses,
+        limit=limit,
+    )
+    enriched = []
+    for row in rows:
+        fr = classify_lease_freshness(row)
+        enriched.append({**row, "freshness": fr})
+    return {
+        "success": True,
+        "count": len(enriched),
+        "leases": enriched,
+        "authoritative_source": AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+        "file_lock_only": False,
+        "comment_lease_only": False,
+        "include_non_active": include_non_active,
+    }
+
+
+def adopt_lease(
+    db: cpd.ControlPlaneDB,
+    *,
+    lease_id: str,
+    adopter_session_id: str,
+    role: str,
+    worktree_path: str | None = None,
+    expected_head_sha: str | None = None,
+    owner_pid: int | None = None,
+    operator_authorized: bool = False,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Sanctioned adopt path with provenance; never silent foreign steal."""
+    state = db.get_lease_workflow_state(lease_id)
+    if not state:
+        raise LeaseLifecycleError(
+            f"unknown lease_id {lease_id}; stale prompt id (fail closed)"
+        )
+    lease = state["lease"]
+    work = state["work_item"]
+    freshness = classify_lease_freshness(lease)
+    owner = str(lease.get("session_id") or "")
+    same_owner = owner == str(adopter_session_id)
+
+    if freshness["freshness"] == "active" and not same_owner:
+        raise LeaseLifecycleError(
+            f"refusing to steal active foreign lease {lease_id} owned by "
+            f"{owner} (fail closed)"
+        )
+
+    if freshness["freshness"] in ("abandoned", "released"):
+        raise LeaseLifecycleError(
+            f"lease {lease_id} is {freshness['freshness']}; cannot adopt "
+            "(fail closed)"
+        )
+
+    # Expired or stale: require abandon-style safety before ownership transfer
+    # when not same owner; same owner may reclaim.
+    if not same_owner and freshness["freshness"] in (
+        "expired",
+        "stale_dead_process",
+        "stale_missing_worktree",
+    ):
+        if not operator_authorized and freshness["freshness"] == "expired":
+            # Deterministic reclaim of expired foreign lease is allowed
+            # without operator flag (sanctioned expire reclaim).
+            pass
+        elif freshness["freshness"] != "expired" and not operator_authorized:
+            # stale active-looking requires abandon proof path
+            raise LeaseLifecycleError(
+                f"lease {lease_id} freshness={freshness['freshness']}; "
+                "use abandon with proof before foreign adopt (fail closed)"
+            )
+
+    provenance = build_adopt_provenance(
+        adopted_from_session_id=owner,
+        adopted_by_session_id=adopter_session_id,
+        work_kind=str(work.get("kind")),
+        work_number=int(work.get("number")),
+        remote=str(work.get("remote")),
+        org=str(work.get("org")),
+        repo=str(work.get("repo")),
+        worktree_path=worktree_path,
+        expected_head_sha=expected_head_sha or lease.get("expected_head_sha"),
+        prior_lease_id=lease_id,
+        reason=(
+            "owner-resume-adopt" if same_owner else "sanctioned-reclaim-adopt"
+        ),
+    )
+
+    result = db.adopt_lease(
+        lease_id=lease_id,
+        adopter_session_id=adopter_session_id,
+        role=role,
+        worktree_path=worktree_path,
+        expected_head_sha=expected_head_sha,
+        owner_pid=owner_pid if owner_pid is not None else os.getpid(),
+        provenance=provenance,
+    )
+    return {
+        "success": True,
+        "outcome": result.get("outcome"),
+        "same_owner": same_owner,
+        "prior_lease_id": lease_id,
+        "lease": result.get("lease"),
+        "assignment": result.get("assignment"),
+        "provenance": provenance,
+        "authoritative_source": AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+        "file_lock_only": False,
+        "comment_lease_only": False,
+        "reasons": result.get("reasons") or [],
+    }
+
+
+def release_lease(
+    db: cpd.ControlPlaneDB,
+    *,
+    lease_id: str,
+    session_id: str,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    proof = db.release_lease_recorded(lease_id=lease_id, session_id=session_id)
+    return {
+        "success": True,
+        "outcome": "released",
+        "lease_id": lease_id,
+        "session_id": session_id,
+        "release_proof": proof,
+        "authoritative_source": AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+        "file_lock_only": False,
+        "comment_lease_only": False,
+    }
+
+
+def expire_leases(db: cpd.ControlPlaneDB) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    n = db.expire_stale_leases()
+    return {
+        "success": True,
+        "outcome": "expired",
+        "expired_count": int(n),
+        "authoritative_source": AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+        "file_lock_only": False,
+        "comment_lease_only": False,
+    }
+
+
+def reclaim_expired_lease(
+    db: cpd.ControlPlaneDB,
+    *,
+    lease_id: str,
+    session_id: str,
+    role: str,
+    worktree_path: str | None = None,
+    expected_head_sha: str | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Expire-if-needed then assign to *session_id* for the same work item."""
+    state = db.get_lease_workflow_state(lease_id)
+    if not state:
+        raise LeaseLifecycleError(f"unknown lease_id {lease_id}")
+    lease = state["lease"]
+    work = state["work_item"]
+    freshness = classify_lease_freshness(lease)
+    if freshness["freshness"] == "active":
+        if lease.get("session_id") != session_id:
+            raise LeaseLifecycleError(
+                f"cannot reclaim active foreign lease {lease_id} (fail closed)"
+            )
+        # owner resume
+        return adopt_lease(
+            db,
+            lease_id=lease_id,
+            adopter_session_id=session_id,
+            role=role,
+            worktree_path=worktree_path,
+            expected_head_sha=expected_head_sha,
+        )
+    if freshness["freshness"] not in (
+        "expired",
+        "stale_dead_process",
+        "stale_missing_worktree",
+        "abandoned",
+        "released",
+    ):
+        raise LeaseLifecycleError(
+            f"lease {lease_id} freshness={freshness['freshness']} not reclaimable"
+        )
+
+    # Ensure expired marker is applied
+    db.expire_stale_leases()
+    # If still active due to clock skew / non-time stale, force expire this lease
+    refreshed = db.get_lease_workflow_state(lease_id)
+    if refreshed and refreshed["lease"].get("status") == "active":
+        db.force_expire_lease(lease_id, reason="reclaim_expired_lease")
+
+    head = expected_head_sha or work.get("current_head_sha")
+    assigned = db.assign_and_lease(
+        session_id=session_id,
+        role=role,
+        remote=str(work["remote"]),
+        org=str(work["org"]),
+        repo=str(work["repo"]),
+        kind=str(work["kind"]),
+        number=int(work["number"]),
+        expected_head_sha=head,
+        phase="reclaimed",
+        worktree_path=worktree_path,
+        owner_pid=os.getpid(),
+    )
+    if assigned.outcome != "assigned":
+        raise LeaseLifecycleError(
+            f"reclaim assign failed: {assigned.outcome} — {assigned.reason}"
+        )
+    provenance = build_adopt_provenance(
+        adopted_from_session_id=str(lease.get("session_id")),
+        adopted_by_session_id=session_id,
+        work_kind=str(work["kind"]),
+        work_number=int(work["number"]),
+        remote=str(work["remote"]),
+        org=str(work["org"]),
+        repo=str(work["repo"]),
+        worktree_path=worktree_path,
+        expected_head_sha=head,
+        prior_lease_id=lease_id,
+        reason="reclaim_expired",
+    )
+    db.attach_lease_provenance(assigned.lease_id, provenance)
+    return {
+        "success": True,
+        "outcome": "reclaimed",
+        "prior_lease_id": lease_id,
+        "assignment": assigned.as_dict(),
+        "provenance": provenance,
+        "authoritative_source": AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+        "file_lock_only": False,
+        "comment_lease_only": False,
+    }
+
+
+def abandon_lease(
+    db: cpd.ControlPlaneDB,
+    *,
+    lease_id: str,
+    requester_session_id: str,
+    proof: AbandonProof,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    state = db.get_lease_workflow_state(lease_id)
+    if not state:
+        raise LeaseLifecycleError(f"unknown lease_id {lease_id}")
+    lease = state["lease"]
+    owner = str(lease.get("session_id") or "")
+    same_owner = owner == str(requester_session_id)
+
+    # Enrich proof with live checks when not provided
+    owner_pid = proof.owner_pid
+    if owner_pid is None:
+        owner_pid = lease.get("owner_pid")
+    wt = proof.worktree_path if proof.worktree_path is not None else lease.get(
+        "worktree_path"
+    )
+    dead = proof.dead_process or (
+        owner_pid is not None and not is_process_alive(owner_pid)
+    )
+    missing_wt = proof.missing_worktree or (
+        bool(wt) and not worktree_exists(str(wt))
+    )
+    enriched = AbandonProof(
+        dead_process=bool(dead),
+        missing_worktree=bool(missing_wt),
+        same_owner=same_owner or proof.same_owner,
+        no_open_pr=proof.no_open_pr,
+        no_live_mutation_risk=proof.no_live_mutation_risk,
+        operator_authorized=proof.operator_authorized,
+        worktree_path=str(wt) if wt else None,
+        owner_pid=int(owner_pid) if owner_pid is not None else None,
+        notes=proof.notes,
+    )
+    if not enriched.is_sufficient():
+        raise LeaseLifecycleError(
+            "abandon proof insufficient: need (dead_process or missing_worktree) "
+            "and no_live_mutation_risk; foreign abandon also needs "
+            "operator_authorized or (dead+missing_worktree+no_open_pr). "
+            f"proof={enriched.as_dict()}"
+        )
+
+    # Active foreign with live process + present worktree: never abandon without
+    # operator (already covered by is_sufficient).
+    result = db.abandon_lease(
+        lease_id=lease_id,
+        requester_session_id=requester_session_id,
+        proof=enriched.as_dict(),
+    )
+    return {
+        "success": True,
+        "outcome": "abandoned",
+        "lease_id": lease_id,
+        "requester_session_id": requester_session_id,
+        "prior_owner_session_id": owner,
+        "abandon_proof": enriched.as_dict(),
+        "audit": result,
+        "authoritative_source": AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+        "file_lock_only": False,
+        "comment_lease_only": False,
+    }

task_capability_map.py

@@ -149,6 +149,65 @@ TASK_CAPABILITY_MAP: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {
         "permission": "gitea.read",
         "role": "author",
     },
+
+    # #601 first-class lease lifecycle — inspect/list need read; mutations gate on
+    # ownership in the control-plane DB (not a separate Gitea write permission).
+    "list_workflow_leases": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "gitea_list_workflow_leases": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "inspect_workflow_lease": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "gitea_inspect_workflow_lease": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "adopt_workflow_lease": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "gitea_adopt_workflow_lease": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "release_workflow_lease": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "gitea_release_workflow_lease": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "expire_workflow_leases": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "gitea_expire_workflow_leases": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "abandon_workflow_lease": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "gitea_abandon_workflow_lease": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "reclaim_expired_workflow_lease": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
+    "gitea_reclaim_expired_workflow_lease": {
+        "permission": "gitea.read",
+        "role": "author",
+    },
     # #612 incident bridge — reconcile uses create_issue for apply;
     # dry-run needs read only. Tools gate apply paths themselves.
     "observability_reconcile_incident": {

tests/test_control_plane_db.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class ControlPlaneDBTest(unittest.TestCase):
             rows = dict(conn.execute("SELECT key, value FROM schema_meta").fetchall())
         finally:
             conn.close()
-        self.assertEqual(rows["schema_version"], "2")
+        self.assertEqual(rows["schema_version"], "3")
         self.assertIn("DB coordinates", rows["architecture"])
         self.assertIn("bridge", rows["architecture"].lower())
 

tests/test_issue_lock_store.py

@@ -103,20 +103,40 @@ class TestIssueLockStore(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn("live foreign issue lock", block or "")
 
     def test_expired_lease_allows_takeover_with_conflict_check(self):
+        # #601: expired + dead pid / missing worktree → sanctioned reclaim (no block).
         existing = _lock_record(
             branch_name="feat/issue-420-other",
-            worktree_path="/tmp/other",
+            worktree_path="/tmp/other-does-not-exist-420",
+            session_pid=1,
             work_lease=_lease("2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
         )
         incoming = _lock_record(worktree_path="/tmp/mine")
         self.assertIsNone(ils.assess_foreign_lock_overwrite(existing, incoming))
+        with mock.patch.object(ils, "is_process_alive", return_value=False):
             block = ils.assess_same_issue_lease_conflict(
                 existing,
                 issue_number=420,
                 branch_name="feat/issue-420-server-code-parity",
                 worktree_path="/tmp/mine",
             )
-        self.assertIn("Recovery review is required", block or "")
+        self.assertIsNone(block)
+
+        # Expired but still-live owner pid AND present worktree → fail closed.
+        present_wt = self.lock_dir  # exists
+        sticky = _lock_record(
+            branch_name="feat/issue-420-other",
+            worktree_path=present_wt,
+            session_pid=os.getpid(),
+            work_lease=_lease("2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
+        )
+        with mock.patch.object(ils, "is_process_alive", return_value=True):
+            blocked = ils.assess_same_issue_lease_conflict(
+                sticky,
+                issue_number=420,
+                branch_name="feat/issue-420-server-code-parity",
+                worktree_path="/tmp/mine",
+            )
+        self.assertIn("Recovery review is required", blocked or "")
 
     def test_same_owner_lease_conflict_allows_refresh(self):
         worktree = "/tmp/wt-420"

tests/test_lease_lifecycle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+"""Tests for first-class control-plane lease lifecycle (#601)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from datetime import timedelta
+from unittest import mock
+
+from allocator_service import allocate_next_work, WorkCandidate
+from control_plane_db import ControlPlaneDB, ForeignLeaseError, _ts, _utc_now
+import lease_lifecycle as ll
+import merger_lease_adoption as mla
+import reviewer_pr_lease as rpl
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+
+class LeaseLifecycleTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
+        self._tmp = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        self.db_path = os.path.join(self._tmp.name, "cp.sqlite3")
+        self.db = ControlPlaneDB(self.db_path)
+        self.db.upsert_session(session_id="owner", role="author", profile="prgs-author", pid=111)
+        self.db.upsert_session(session_id="other", role="author", profile="prgs-author", pid=222)
+
+    def tearDown(self) -> None:
+        self._tmp.cleanup()
+
+    def _assign(self, session_id="owner", number=601, **kwargs):
+        return self.db.assign_and_lease(
+            session_id=session_id,
+            role="author",
+            remote="prgs",
+            org="Scaled-Tech-Consulting",
+            repo="Gitea-Tools",
+            kind="issue",
+            number=number,
+            allowed_actions=("implement", "comment", "push", "create_pr"),
+            forbidden_actions=("approve", "merge", "self_select_without_assignment"),
+            worktree_path=kwargs.pop("worktree_path", self._tmp.name),
+            owner_pid=kwargs.pop("owner_pid", os.getpid()),
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def test_list_active_leases_as_workflow_state(self) -> None:
+        a = self._assign(number=601)
+        self._assign(session_id="other", number=602)
+        listed = ll.list_active_leases(
+            self.db, remote="prgs", org="Scaled-Tech-Consulting", repo="Gitea-Tools"
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(listed["success"])
+        self.assertEqual(listed["count"], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(listed["authoritative_source"], "control_plane_db")
+        self.assertFalse(listed["file_lock_only"])
+        self.assertFalse(listed["comment_lease_only"])
+        numbers = sorted(x["work_number"] for x in listed["leases"])
+        self.assertEqual(numbers, [601, 602])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(a.lease_id)
+
+    def test_adopt_lease_owner_resume_preserves_provenance(self) -> None:
+        a = self._assign()
+        res = ll.adopt_lease(
+            self.db,
+            lease_id=a.lease_id,
+            adopter_session_id="owner",
+            role="author",
+            worktree_path=self._tmp.name,
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(res["success"])
+        self.assertTrue(res["same_owner"])
+        prov = res["provenance"]
+        self.assertEqual(prov["adopted_from_session_id"], "owner")
+        self.assertEqual(prov["adopted_by_session_id"], "owner")
+        self.assertEqual(prov["work_number"], 601)
+        self.assertEqual(prov["worktree_path"], self._tmp.name)
+        state = self.db.get_lease_workflow_state(a.lease_id)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(state)
+        self.assertEqual(state["lease"]["status"], "active")
+
+    def test_release_lease_explicit_recorded(self) -> None:
+        a = self._assign()
+        res = ll.release_lease(self.db, lease_id=a.lease_id, session_id="owner")
+        self.assertEqual(res["outcome"], "released")
+        self.assertIn("release_proof", res)
+        self.assertEqual(res["release_proof"]["status"], "released")
+        state = self.db.get_lease_workflow_state(a.lease_id)
+        self.assertEqual(state["lease"]["status"], "released")
+
+    def test_expire_and_reclaim_expired_lease(self) -> None:
+        a = self._assign(lease_ttl_seconds=1)
+        past = _utc_now() - timedelta(hours=2)
+        import sqlite3
+
+        conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_path)
+        try:
+            conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE leases SET expires_at = ? WHERE lease_id = ?",
+                (_ts(past), a.lease_id),
+            )
+            conn.commit()
+        finally:
+            conn.close()
+        exp = ll.expire_leases(self.db)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(exp["expired_count"], 1)
+        reclaimed = ll.reclaim_expired_lease(
+            self.db,
+            lease_id=a.lease_id,
+            session_id="other",
+            role="author",
+            worktree_path=self._tmp.name,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(reclaimed["outcome"], "reclaimed")
+        self.assertEqual(reclaimed["assignment"]["session_id"], "other")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            reclaimed["provenance"]["adopted_from_session_id"], "owner"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            reclaimed["provenance"]["adopted_by_session_id"], "other"
+        )
+
+    def test_abandon_stale_lease_with_required_proof(self) -> None:
+        a = self._assign(owner_pid=99999999, worktree_path="/nonexistent/path/for-601")
+        # Force active but dead pid + missing worktree
+        proof = ll.AbandonProof(
+            dead_process=True,
+            missing_worktree=True,
+            no_open_pr=True,
+            no_live_mutation_risk=True,
+            owner_pid=99999999,
+            worktree_path="/nonexistent/path/for-601",
+        )
+        res = ll.abandon_lease(
+            self.db,
+            lease_id=a.lease_id,
+            requester_session_id="other",
+            proof=proof,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(res["outcome"], "abandoned")
+        self.assertEqual(res["prior_owner_session_id"], "owner")
+        self.assertTrue(res["abandon_proof"]["dead_process"])
+        state = self.db.get_lease_workflow_state(a.lease_id)
+        self.assertEqual(state["lease"]["status"], "abandoned")
+
+    def test_refuse_steal_active_foreign_lease(self) -> None:
+        a = self._assign()
+        with self.assertRaises(ll.LeaseLifecycleError) as ctx:
+            ll.adopt_lease(
+                self.db,
+                lease_id=a.lease_id,
+                adopter_session_id="other",
+                role="author",
+            )
+        self.assertIn("steal", str(ctx.exception).lower())
+        decision = ll.inspect_lease(
+            self.db, a.lease_id, caller_session_id="other"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(decision["safe_next_action"], ll.SAFE_WAIT_FOREIGN)
+        self.assertTrue(decision["block"])
+
+    def test_refuse_ambiguous_lease_ownership_stale_id(self) -> None:
+        decision = ll.inspect_lease(
+            self.db, "lease-does-not-exist", caller_session_id="owner"
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(decision["found"])
+        self.assertEqual(decision["safe_next_action"], ll.SAFE_STALE_PROMPT)
+        with self.assertRaises(ll.LeaseLifecycleError):
+            ll.adopt_lease(
+                self.db,
+                lease_id="lease-does-not-exist",
+                adopter_session_id="owner",
+                role="author",
+            )
+
+    def test_provenance_on_adopt_release_abandon(self) -> None:
+        a = self._assign()
+        adopted = ll.adopt_lease(
+            self.db,
+            lease_id=a.lease_id,
+            adopter_session_id="owner",
+            role="author",
+            worktree_path=self._tmp.name,
+            expected_head_sha="abc",
+        )
+        self.assertIn("adopted_from_session_id", adopted["provenance"])
+        self.assertIn("adopted_by_session_id", adopted["provenance"])
+        released = ll.release_lease(
+            self.db, lease_id=a.lease_id, session_id="owner"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(released["release_proof"]["session_id"], "owner")
+
+        b = self._assign(number=700, owner_pid=1, worktree_path="/no/such/wt")
+        abandoned = ll.abandon_lease(
+            self.db,
+            lease_id=b.lease_id,
+            requester_session_id="owner",
+            proof=ll.AbandonProof(
+                dead_process=True,
+                missing_worktree=True,
+                no_live_mutation_risk=True,
+                no_open_pr=True,
+            ),
+        )
+        self.assertIn("abandon_proof", abandoned)
+        self.assertEqual(abandoned["abandon_proof"]["dead_process"], True)
+
+    def test_allocator_assignment_lease_compatible(self) -> None:
+        """Allocator assign+lease still works and is listable/inspectable."""
+        cands = [
+            WorkCandidate(
+                kind="issue",
+                number=601,
+                labels=("status:ready",),
+                title="leases",
+                priority=20,
+            )
+        ]
+        res = allocate_next_work(
+            self.db,
+            session_id="alloc-s",
+            role="author",
+            remote="prgs",
+            org="Scaled-Tech-Consulting",
+            repo="Gitea-Tools",
+            candidates=cands,
+            apply=True,
+            profile_name="prgs-author",
+            username="jcwalker3",
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(res["outcome"], "assigned_work")
+        lid = res["assignment"]["lease_id"]
+        listed = ll.list_active_leases(self.db, remote="prgs")
+        ids = [x["lease_id"] for x in listed["leases"]]
+        self.assertIn(lid, ids)
+        insp = ll.inspect_lease(self.db, lid, caller_session_id="alloc-s")
+        self.assertTrue(insp["found"])
+        self.assertIn(
+            insp["safe_next_action"],
+            (ll.SAFE_OWNER_RESUME, ll.SAFE_ABANDON_ALLOWED),
+        )
+
+    def test_reviewer_merger_lease_handoff_still_works(self) -> None:
+        """#536 merger adoption path is independent and must not regress."""
+        rpl.clear_session_lease()
+        body = mla.format_adoption_body(
+            repo="Scaled-Tech-Consulting/Gitea-Tools",
+            pr_number=999,
+            issue_number=601,
+            adopter_identity="sysadmin",
+            adopter_profile="prgs-merger",
+            adopter_session_id="merger-1",
+            worktree="branches/merge-pr999",
+            candidate_head="a" * 40,
+            target_branch="master",
+            target_branch_sha="b" * 40,
+            adopted_from_session_id="reviewer-1",
+            adopted_from_profile="prgs-reviewer",
+            adopted_from_reviewer_identity="sysadmin",
+            adopted_from_comment_id=42,
+        )
+        self.assertIn(mla.ADOPTION_MARKER, body)
+        self.assertIn("adopted_from_session_id: reviewer-1", body)
+        self.assertIn("adopted_by_profile: prgs-merger", body)
+        prov = mla.build_lease_provenance(
+            source=mla.SOURCE_ADOPT,
+            comment_id=42,
+            adopted_from_session_id="reviewer-1",
+            adoption_reason=mla.DEFAULT_ADOPTION_REASON,
+        )
+        rpl.record_session_lease(
+            {
+                "pr_number": 999,
+                "session_id": "merger-1",
+                "comment_id": 42,
+            },
+            lease_provenance=prov,
+        )
+        proof = mla.describe_session_lease_proof(rpl.get_session_lease())
+        self.assertTrue(proof["lease_proof_sanctioned"])
+        self.assertEqual(proof["lease_proof_source"], mla.SOURCE_ADOPT)
+        rpl.clear_session_lease()
+
+    def test_missing_worktree_and_dead_pid_handled_safely(self) -> None:
+        a = self._assign(owner_pid=1, worktree_path="/definitely/missing/wt-601")
+        with mock.patch.object(ll, "is_process_alive", return_value=False):
+            fr = ll.classify_lease_freshness(
+                self.db.get_lease_workflow_state(a.lease_id)["lease"]
+            )
+        self.assertIn(fr["freshness"], ("stale_dead_process", "stale_missing_worktree"))
+        # Insufficient abandon proof fails closed
+        with self.assertRaises(ll.LeaseLifecycleError):
+            ll.abandon_lease(
+                self.db,
+                lease_id=a.lease_id,
+                requester_session_id="other",
+                proof=ll.AbandonProof(dead_process=True),  # missing no_live_mutation_risk
+            )
+
+    def test_file_lock_or_comment_not_authoritative_alone(self) -> None:
+        report = ll.non_db_lease_authority_report(
+            file_lock_present=True,
+            comment_lease_present=False,
+            db_lease_present=False,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(report["safe_next_action"], ll.SAFE_NO_AUTHORITY)
+        self.assertTrue(report["file_lock_only"])
+        self.assertIsNone(report["authoritative_source"])
+        report2 = ll.non_db_lease_authority_report(
+            file_lock_present=True,
+            comment_lease_present=True,
+            db_lease_present=True,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(report2["authoritative_source"], "control_plane_db")
+        self.assertFalse(report2["file_lock_only"])
+        self.assertFalse(report2["comment_lease_only"])
+
+    def test_abandon_proof_is_sufficient_rules(self) -> None:
+        self.assertFalse(ll.AbandonProof(dead_process=True).is_sufficient())
+        self.assertTrue(
+            ll.AbandonProof(
+                dead_process=True,
+                missing_worktree=True,
+                no_live_mutation_risk=True,
+                no_open_pr=True,
+            ).is_sufficient()
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            ll.AbandonProof(
+                dead_process=True,
+                no_live_mutation_risk=True,
+                same_owner=True,
+            ).is_sufficient()
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            ll.AbandonProof(
+                missing_worktree=True,
+                no_live_mutation_risk=True,
+                operator_authorized=True,
+            ).is_sufficient()
+        )
+
+
+class IssueLockExpiredReclaimTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_expired_lock_reclaim_allowed_when_dead_and_missing_wt(self) -> None:
+        import issue_lock_store as ils
+
+        lock = {
+            "issue_number": 601,
+            "branch_name": "feat/issue-601-x",
+            "worktree_path": "/no/such/worktree-601",
+            "session_pid": 1,
+            "work_lease": {
+                "operation_type": "author_issue_work",
+                "expires_at": "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+            },
+        }
+        with mock.patch.object(ils, "is_process_alive", return_value=False):
+            res = ils.assess_expired_lock_reclaim(lock)
+        self.assertTrue(res["reclaim_allowed"])
+        # Conflict assessor allows takeover
+        block = ils.assess_same_issue_lease_conflict(
+            lock,
+            issue_number=601,
+            branch_name="feat/issue-601-first-class-leases",
+            worktree_path="/tmp/new",
+        )
+        self.assertIsNone(block)
+
+    def test_live_lock_reclaim_refused(self) -> None:
+        import issue_lock_store as ils
+        from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+
+        future = (datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(hours=2)).strftime(
+            "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"
+        )
+        lock = {
+            "issue_number": 601,
+            "branch_name": "feat/issue-601-x",
+            "worktree_path": tempfile.gettempdir(),
+            "session_pid": os.getpid(),
+            "work_lease": {
+                "operation_type": "author_issue_work",
+                "expires_at": future,
+                "last_heartbeat_at": future,
+            },
+        }
+        res = ils.assess_expired_lock_reclaim(lock)
+        self.assertFalse(res["reclaim_allowed"])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()